Date of Birth: March 20, 1904
Place of Birth: Pennsylvania, U.S.
Date and Place of Death: August 18, 1990 (aged 86); Massachusetts, U.S.
University: Hamilton Collage (NY) and then Harvard University
Subject of Study: English Literature (he wanted to be a writer)
Field of Professional Study: psychology, linguistics, philosophy
Explanation of Theory/Discovery: Radical Behaviorism. It's the philosophy of science behavior. It's a belief that animal behavior can be studied profitably and compared with human behavior, a strong emphasis on the environment as cause of behavior, and a penchant for operationalizing. He believed behaviors are causal factors that are influenced by the consequences.
Carl Gustav Jung
Date of Birth: 26 July, 1875
Place of Birth: SwitzerlandDate and Place of Death: 6 June 1961 (aged 85); Switzerland
University: University of Basel
Subject of Study: medicine
Field of Professional Study: psychology, psychotherapy, psychiatry
Explanation of Theory/Discovery: Extraversion and Introversion: This human personalities theory says that every person has 2 sides - introverted side and extraverted and that one side is being more dominant than the other. Carl Jung defined extraversion as "an attitude type characterized by concentration of interest on the external object" and introversion as "attitude-type characterized by orientation in life through subjective psychic contents."
Jean Piaget
Date of Birth: 9 August, 1896
Place of Birth: Switzerland
Date and Place of Death: 16 September 1980 (aged 84); Switzerland
University: University of Neuchâtel, University of Zurich
Subject of Study: zoology and later psychology
Field of Professional Study: Developmental Psychology, Epistemology
Explanation of Theory/Discovery: Constructivism is a theory of learning that depends on way people create meaning of the world through the series of individual constructs; Genetic epistemology is a study of the origins of knowledge; Piaget's theory of cognitive development talks about the development of human's intelligence; Object permanence is a theory that describes that every object continues to exist even when we cannot see it anymore; Egocentrism can be defined as preoccupation with one's own internal world.
William James
Date of Birth: January 11, 1842
Place of Birth: New York City, New York
Date and Place of Death: August 26, 1910 (aged 68), New Hampshire
University: Harvard University
Subject of Study: Pragmatism
Field of Professional Study: Pragmatism, Psychology, Philosophy of Religion
Explanation of Theory/Discovery: Pragmatic Theory of Truth: definitions and theories of a concept of truth; the Psychologist's Fallacy, fallacy = it's a form of "similar to me" stereotype; Radical Empiricism: It asserts that experience includes both particulars and relations between those particulars, and that therefore both deserve a place in our explanations.
Erik Erikson
Date of Birth: September 26, 1849
Place of Birth: Ryazan, Russia
Date and Place of Death: 12 May 1994 (aged 91), Massachusetts
University: Harvard University
Subject of Study: psychology
Field of Professional Study: Developmental psychologist
Explanation of Theory/Discovery: Theory on social development: this theory explains eight stages through which a healthily developing person or human should pass from infancy to late adulthood.
Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Pavlov
Date of Birth: 15 June 1902
Place of Birth: Frankfurt, Germany
Date and Place of Death: February 27, 1936 (aged 86); Soviet Union
University: Medical Military Academy
Subject of Study: natural sciences
Field of Professional Study: psychologist, physician
Explanation of Theory/Discovery: Classical conditioning: this is a learning in which one conditioned stimulus comes to signal the occurrence of unconditioned stimulus. In Transmarginal inhibition, Ivan Pavlov found out that organisms have different levels of tolerance.
Lev Vygotsky
Date of Birth: November 17, 1896
Place of Birth: Orsha, Russia
Date and Place of Death: June 11, 1934 (aged 37), Moscow (Russia)
University: Moscow State University
Subject of Study: law and art
Field of Professional Study: psychology
Anna Freud
Date of Birth:
3 December 1895
Place of Birth: Vienna, Austria
University: Cottage Lyceum in Vienna
She became a member of Vienna Psychoanalytical Society.
Secretary of International Psychoanalytical Association.
Explanation of Theory/Discovery: Ego Psychology: A person interacts with the external world and at the same he/she responds to internal forces. Psychologists use a theoretical construct called "ego." Anne Freud focused on unconscious and described defenses that are available to ego.
Place of Birth: Vienna, Austria
Date and Place of Death:
9 October 1982 (aged 86), London (England)
University: Cottage Lyceum in Vienna
She became a member of Vienna Psychoanalytical Society.
Secretary of International Psychoanalytical Association.
Explanation of Theory/Discovery: Ego Psychology: A person interacts with the external world and at the same he/she responds to internal forces. Psychologists use a theoretical construct called "ego." Anne Freud focused on unconscious and described defenses that are available to ego.
George Armitage Miller
Date of Birth: February 3, 1920
Place of Birth: Charlestone, West Virginia
Date and Place of Death:
July 22, 2012 (aged 92); New Jersey
University: George Washington University, University of Alabama
Subject of Study: history, speech
Field of Professional Study: Psychology, Cognitive Science
Explanation of Theory/Discovery: The Magical Number Seven or Plus or Minus Two: It's a Miller's Law which says that the number of objects an average human can hold in his working memory is 7 ± 2.
Sigmund Schlomo Freud
Date of Birth: 6 May,1856
Place of Birth: Moravia, Czech Republic (nationality Austrian) Date and Place of Death: 23 September 1939 (aged 83); London, England
University: University of Vienna
Subject of Study: cerebral palsy, aphasia and microscopic neuroanatomy
Field of Professional Study: Neurology, Psychotherapy, Psychoanalysis
Explanation of Theory/Discovery: Psychoanalysis: Freud believed that people can be cured by making conscious their unconscious motivations and thoughts. The aim of this therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences. It deals with depressions and anxiety disorders.
